What was the approximate number of mansabdars in Shah Jahan reign? He fled to Persia, where he spent nearly ten years as an embarrassed guest at the Safavid court of Tahmasp I. Who all formed the Mughal nobility? Answer: However, Bahadur Shah II was found guilty of treason and banished to Burma. These points might come quite handy for Prelims and Mains. Increasingly, however, they bled the country of its wealth to feed their lifestyle. Mansabdars received their salaries as revenue assignments called jagirs. The first volume dealt with Akbars ancestors. The Mughal Empire experienced dramatic reverses as regional nawabs (governors) broke away and founded independent kingdoms. Akbar's empire supported vibrant intellectual and cultural life. Mughals were the descendants of two of great rulers. A zealous Muslim, Aurangzeb reversed the earlier policies that had helped to maintain good relations with non-Hindus, imposing Islamic law and dealing harshly with Hindus. Who was Akbars Revenue minister? Youll analyze texts, visual sources, and other historical evidence and write essays expressing historical arguments. In that same year, the Persians took over Kandahar in southern Afghanistan, an event that struck a serious blow to Mughal prestige. In 1632 Ahmadnagar was finally annexed and the Bijapur forces sued for peace. (c) universal peace After Aurangzeb died in 1707, the empire started a slow and steady decline in actual power, although it maintained all the trappings of power in the Indian subcontinent for another 150 years. Akbar 1556-1605: Answer: They had access to large amounts of revenue. They were proud of their genealogy. (a) 1526-1530 AD 3. (a) peace But it was difficult to keep this balance all the time. Who founded the Mughal rule in India and how? Answer: Within his administrative system, the warrior aristocracy (mansabdars) held ranks (mansabs) expressed in numbers of troops, and indicating pay, armed contingents, and obligations. Many Sufi shrines are still visited by Hindus as well as Muslims. The reversal of the early policy would eventually result in the partition of India based on the two-nation theory, which believed that Muslims and Hindus were two nations and could not peacefully co-exist. The reason may have been that the water supply in Fatehpur Sikri was insufficient or of poor quality, or, as some historians believe, that Akbar had to attend to the northwest areas of his empire and therefore moved his capital northwest. India became the jewel in the British Empire. From their maternal side Genghis Khan ruler was their ancestor. (a) Todar Mai Queen Victoria was declared Empress of India, and Britain assumed direct control of its Indian possessions, winding-up the East India Company. 1. In the north-west, the campaign to seize Balkh from the Uzbegs was unsuccessful and Qandahar was lost to the Safavids. Question 2. As a result, Persian poets, artists, scholars, and officersincluding her own family memberslured by the Mughal court's brilliance and luxury, found asylum in India. Those who joined Mughal service were enrolled as mansabdars. His death was followed by a succession conflict amongst his sons. After their defeat, they were honourably treated by the Mughals. In popular news jargon, Mughal or Mogul denotes a successful business magnate who has built for himself a vast (and often monopolistic) empire in one or more specific industries. [Imp.] Answer: Why was it extremely difficult to rule over the Indian subcontinent? in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Mother of Jahangir: A Kachhwaha Princess, daughter of Rajput, ruler of Amber (now Jaipur). The main reference material for this post is NCERT History text for Class 7 (Our past -1). Question 1. 2. A year later, he decisively defeated a Rajput confederacy led by Rana Sangha. The religion of Mughals was Islam. The idea of tolerance did not discriminate between people of different religions r in his realm. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article Give an account of ranking on the basis of zat. Describe Akbar Nama and Ain-i Akbari. Question 1. Certainly, such Sufi teachers as Kabir (1414-1518) who flourished at an earlier period had represented a 'peace to all' type of Islam that was attractive to many people in the subcontinent. She was killed on June 18, 1858. 4. ancestors, events (c) Huns He was pressed from all sides by a reassertion of Afghan claims to the Delhi throne, by disputes over his own succession, and by the Afghan-Rajput march into Delhi in 1540. From the later half of the sixteenth century they expanded their kingdom from. When Babur died, his son Humayun (153056) inherited a difficult task. International travellers described it as the fabled land of wealth. Aurangzeb imposed Sharia law, which he codified, re-imposed the jizya, and as had Babur, destroyed temples in order to build mosques. Mehrunnisa married Jahangir and was given the title of Nur Jahan. jagi, Question 1. The name of residence of Mughal Emperors in Delhi was He recaptured Delhi in 1555 but died the next year after an accident in the building. (c) Guru Aijun Singhji 1570-1585 military campaigns in Gujarat were followed by campaigns in the east in Bihar, Bengal and Orissa. Question 1. Akbars revenue minister, Todarmal, carried out a careful survey of crop yields, prices and areas cultivated for a ten-year period, 1570-1580. By Aurangzebs reign situation changed and the actual revenue collected was often less than the granted sum. There was room for scholars of all religions, for beliefs good or bad. Mughal relations with other rulers: Question 1. Prime Minister of India addresses the nation on Independence Day from the ramparts of the Red Fort, the residence of Mughal Rulers. There were ulemas, Brahmanas, Jesuit Catholic priests and Zoroastrians. The minister-in-charge of religious and charitable patronage was known as Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B: The exploitation by Mughal administrators could drive them to rebellion. Answer: Complacent in their military superiority, the Mughals failed to modernize their technology. Which Mughal Emperor was defeated by Sher Shah Suri? At times, the Mughals experimented in establishing good inter-religious relations with the non-Hindu majority, employing Hindus in senior posts. He regularly sponsored debates and dialogs among religious and intellectual figures with differing views, building a special chamber for these discussions at Fatehpur Sikri and he welcomed Jesuit missionaries from Goa to his court. Each ruler had his picture made with Timur. Question 3. Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry. Comment. Guru Arjun supported Prince Khursaw, another contestant to the Mughal throne, in the civil war that developed after Akbar's death. Answer: These visitors were also surprised at the state of extreme poverty that existed side by side. Answer: Faujdar used to be the military commander. The Mughal Empire, (Persian language: ) was an empire that at its greatest territorial extent ruled parts of Afghanistan, Balochistan and most of the Indian Subcontinent between 1526 and 1857. But the scale of revenue collection left very little for investment in the hands of the primary producers, the peasants and the artisans. The Mughal Emperors persecuted several of the Sikh Gurus, and Jehangir executed the fifth Guru. Abul Fail explained that the empire was divided into provinces called subas. Hence, the emperors up to Aurangzeb are called the greater, after him the lesser. This is very similar to the pattern that emerged in the Ottoman Empire, where the rulers grew increasingly disinterested in good governance and repeated the pattern of their predecessors, the Afghan Lodi Sultans. Local governors took advantage of this to virtually declare independence from the center, soon aided and abetted by the British and French. (d) Guru Tegh Bahadur Singhji 7. Akbar seized Qandhar from Safavids. Those Who joined Mughal service were called mansabdars. Study the cultural, economic, political, and social developments that have shaped the world from c. 1200 CE to the present. (d) Ranthambore An astute ruler who genuinely appreciated the challenges of administering so vast an empire, Akbar introduced a policy of reconciliation and assimilation of Hindus (including Maryam al-Zamani, the Hindu Rajput mother of his son and heir, Jahangir), who represented the majority of the population. However, when the Mughal became powerful, many other rulers joined them willingly. In 1739 it was defeated by the army of the Persian shah, Nadir Shah (1688-1747). The emperor would grant revenue rights to a mansabdar in exchange for promises of soldiers in wartime. Answer: In 1853 they denied Nana Sahib (leader of the Marathas) his titles and pension, while elsewhere they refused to recognize adopted sons as legal heirs, and assumed power themselves. Mother of Shah Jahan: A Rathor Princess, daughter of a Rajput, the ruler of Marwar (Jodhpur). The release of 52 Hindu princes from captivity in 1620 is the basis for the significance of the time of Diwali to Sikhs. Akbar was 13 years old when he became emperor. After Akbars rebellion Aurangzeb sent armies against the Deccan Sultanates. Genghis Khan, Timur 6, Humayun. In 1657-1658, there was conflict over succession amongst Shah Jahans sons. These actions were later retracted by Aurangzeb, known for his zealotry. Political unification and maintenance of law and order over wide areas encouraged the emergence of large centers of commerce and craftssuch as Lahore, Delhi, Agra, and Ahmadabadlinked by roads and waterways to distant places and ports. The Mughals used the termzamindarsto describe all intermediaries, whether they were local headmen of villages or powerful chieftains. The Mughals did not like to be known as Mongols. Ibrahim Lodhi The square seal states, Command of her most Sublime and Elevated Majesty Nur. Was there a economic inequality during Mughal rule? These and other factors created a shortage in the number of jagirs. (c) Morocco Answer: In 1527 he defeated Rana Sanga at Khanua. The Mughal ruling class was Muslim, although many of the subjects of the empire were Hindu and also Sikh.When Babur first founded the empire, he did not emphasize his religion, but rather his Mongol heritage. Aurangzeb had the khutbah (Friday sermon) proclaimed in his own name, not in that of the Ottoman caliph. (b) (a) Marwar (c) Amber He did so, however, not for religious reasons. However, as they became powerful many rulers like the Rajputs joined them voluntarily. The number of unproductive, timeserving officers mushroomed, as did corruptionwhile the excessive Persian representation upset the delicate balance of impartiality at the court. It was Shah Jahan who commissioned the building that represents the pinnacle of Mughal architectural achievement, the Taj Mahal, between 1630 and 1653. The Rajputs are a good example of this. (a) Man Singh The Mughals were descendants of and Babur was the great-grandson of Timur Lenk (Timur the Lame, from which the Western name Tamerlane is derived), who had invaded India and plundered Delhi in 1398 and then led a short-lived empire based in Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan) that united Persian-based Mongols (Babur's maternal ancestors) and other West Asian peoples. A large imperial library included books in Hindi, Persian, Greek, Kashmiri, English, and Arabic, such as the Shahnameh, Bhagavata Purana and the Bible. As a result of increasingly heavy taxation (initially the Mughals had not overtaxed), revolt was encouraged as local people objected to the amount of money spent on the lavish Mughal court. Bijapur was annexed in 1685 and Golconda in 1687. The Sikhs, who sided with the British, emerged as a valued and trusted community. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. He is known to have treated non-Muslims harshly. Answer: 1605-1627 AD during Jahangirs reign? ICSE Solutions for Class 9 History and Civics The Mughal Empire ICSE SolutionsSelina ICSE SolutionsML Aggarwal Solutions EXERCISES Question 1. The term mansabdar refers to an individual who holds a mansab (a position or rank). 1. the Red Fort, Question 1. (b) Mewar They were given their lands (watan) back as assignments (watan jagir). Answer: 3. Mansabdars themselves served in some other parts of the country. (c) Shivaji 6. True While no Indians could challenge their cannon, outsiders could. With the expansion of Mughal empire, the Mughals recruited diverse bodies of people. In 1529 Babur routed the joint forces of Afghans and the sultan of Bengal but died in 1530 before he could consolidate his military gains. From their fathers side Timur, ruler of modem day Turkey was their ancestor. Describe the reigns of Jahangir and Shah Jahan. What led to Akbars ideas on Sulh-i-kul? if(typeof __ez_fad_position != 'undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-newworldencyclopedia_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0')};if(typeof __ez_fad_position != 'undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-newworldencyclopedia_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0_1')};if(typeof __ez_fad_position != 'undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-newworldencyclopedia_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0_2')}; .large-mobile-banner-1-multi-167{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:15px !important;margin-left:0px !important;margin-right:0px !important;margin-top:15px !important;min-height:250px;min-width:300px;text-align:center !important;}. (d) 10,000 What is the ruling period of Jahangir? (b) 1530-1556 AD The Mughals became powerful only when many other rulers joined them voluntarily.

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