This led to rivalry among the nobles for the possessing the existing jagirs.They tried to extort the maximum income from their jagirs at the cost of the peasantry. Following are the reasons that made the Mughal Empire fall: Fall of Mughal Empire. His successors were weak and increasingly became mere tools in the hands of the nobles. The race of capable men like Bairam Khan and Munim Khan, Muzaffar Khan and Abdur Rahim Khan, Iti-mad-ud-daulah and Mahabat Khan, Asaf Khan and Sa’adulla Khan was extinct. © Copyright 2021, All Rights Reserved  |  All about History of India, History of Ancient India, Medieval History of India, Modern History of India, History Notes  |  historytuitions.com, Provincial Administration of Mughal Empire. Consequently, each time a ruler died, a war of succession between the brothers for the throne started. The heavy taxes he levied impoverished the farming population. There was neither enough money nor jagirs to assign to various officers. Aurangzeb, Mughal miniature, 17th century; in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. The Mughal Empire declined quickly after the passing of Aurangazeb. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Mughal emperors were known for reconciling with the peoples they conquered and including them in their government and military. Wars of Succession: The Mughals did not follow any law of succession like the law of primogeniture. After that time it continued to exist as a considerably reduced and … The rude strategies of Aurangazeb added to its decay. Taking advantage of this the Rajputs, Sikhs and the Afghans openly defied the authority of Mughal emperor. Since the time of Jahangir the East India Company [EIC] tried to take advantage of the wealth to be gained by trade with India. What eventually pushed it into final decline was the ambition of the British. The Mughal Empire was in serious decline by the end of the eighteenth century. He was a Persian king. Aurangzeb made an endeavor to invert the mainstream strategy by forci… Emperors lost authority and control of the empire, as the widely scattered imperial officers lost confidence in the central authorities, and made their own deals with local men of influence. Below are major causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire: Political Cause. He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. The arrival of the British Administration weaknesses & Weak control Succession disputes Pleasure seeking nature Declining military expertise Military costs Main reasons that followed the decline of the Mughal Empire The attack of Nadir Shah Nadir Shah’s invasion in 1738-9 had left the Mughal Empire literally decline. Higher revenue demands, a greater level of exploitation by jagirdars because of frequent transfers tried to extract as much as possible during their tenure as Jagirdar. Beginning with Bahadur Shah I, the Mughal Emperors progressively declined in power and became figureheads, being initially controlled by sundry courtiers and later by various rising warlords. The Mughal state in the times of Akbar, Jahangir, and Shahjahan was essentially a mainstream state. Weak successors post-Aurangzeb rule. There was rise of number of Mughal ‘successor states’. Decline of the Mughal Empire INTRODUCTION The collapse of Mughal Empire has remained a widely debated issue amongst the historians. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Causes for Decline and fall of the Mughal Empire No empire in history is survived forever. However, the causes of the Decline of the Mughal Empire started from the period of 1707 AD onwards when Aurangzeb took over as the Mughal Emperor. Bahadur Shah I was very aged when he ascended the throne and lacked the zeal to perform state duties. A After Shah Juhan’s death, his youngest son, Aurangzeb conquered the throne by eliminating his brothers. This weakened the … The rebellions of the Satnamis, Jats, and the Sikhs were indicative of this. Causes for the Decline of the Mughal Empire: The Mughal empire which had reached its zenith during the rule of Shah Jahan and his son, soon began to decline after the rule of Aurangzeb. The Zamindars too became rebellious and withheld revenue. The audio-visual talks about the condition of Mughal rulers after the 17th century and how they lose their power.This is a product of Mexus Education Pvt. The beginning of the decline of the Mughal Empire can be traced back to the reign of Aurangzeb. Decline of Mughal Empire At the time of foreign invasions such as those of Nadir Shah (1729) and Ahmad Shah Abdali (1747-61) further weakened the empire. Powerful regional states emerged. later mughals bahadur shah zafar farrukh siyar shah alam ii nadir shah. Mughal dynasty, Mughal also spelled Mogul, Persian Mughūl (“Mongol”), Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. The officers invariably reduced their expenditure by not maintaining their full quota of troops thus weakening the empire’s armed strength. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In fact, the decline began during the last days of Aurangzeb. Bitter relations with Rajputs. Historians have offered numerous explanations for the rapid collapse of the Mughal Empire. The Mughals were now reduced to the area around Delhi. Aurangzeb's religious policy The Mughal Empire owes its decline and ultimate downfall to a combination of factors; firstly Aurangzeb's religious policy is regarded as a cause for the decline of the Mughal Empire as it led to disunity among the people. • After the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire eventually declined and inevitably broke. At the time of foreign invasions such as those of Nadir Shah (1729) and Ahmad Shah Abdali (1747-61) further weakened the empire. The beginning of the Mughal Empire’s decline started to show during the reign of Sultan Shah Jahan. However, in the latter decades of the empire, Mughal emperors became more autocratic and intolerant. Even Jats, Sikhs, Marathas turned … His administrative system also started collapsing, as the governors started consolidating power in their own provinces. It declined for various reasons. The Mughal Empire owes its decline and ultimate downfall to a combination of factors; firstly Aurangzeb's religious policy is regarded as a cause for the decline of the Mughal Empire as it led to disunity among the INDIAN people. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. ; Absence of a definite law of succession, there always occurred a war of succession, which weakened the stability of … These policies created widespread resentment and rebellion against the Mughals, fragmented their kingdom, and greatly weakened their rule. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, bequest of George D. Pratt, 1935, (45.174.28), www.metmuseum.org During Aurangzeb’s reign (1658–1707), the economy of the Mughal Empire began to decline. Eventual Break of the Mughal Empire After 1707. Causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire: 1. Although the Mughal Empire began breaking –up in the 18th century, the causes of its decline can be traced back much earlier.Aurangzeb’s long reign of constant and uninterrupted fighting was not only a big drain on the exchequer but it also led to the negligence of administration. In the 18 th century, many political reasons led to the decline of the Mughal Empire. 18th century is called as … Instead of increasing the strength of the empire, territorial expansion led to weakening the Mughal Empire. The governors of Hyderabad, Bengal and Avadh established independent kingdoms and the Marathas reorganized under a new system of government that of the Brahman ministers the Peshwas.They were gradually extending their control towards north India. A Religious intolerance led to the destruction of Hindu and Sikh temples and schools. Its industries were producing cheap … Due his excessive building and some of his military expansions, the empire started to show some signs of bankruptcy. Exploiting, in 1739, Nadir Shah detained the Mughal Emperor and plundered Delhi. Politically he made number of mistakes which undermined the strength of the Mughal Empire. They continued to rule in name until 1857.Real political power was shifted to the hands of the new kingdoms. Another reason was unworthy and incompetent successors of Aurangzeb. Hindus and other groups were regarded as inferiors, excluded from the Mughal court, and heavily taxed. Later Mughals were worthless and neglected the administration of the state. Attempts were made to transform existing offices and jagirs into hereditary ones. Aurangzeb’s campaigns in the Deccan region decreased his military and financial power. The powerless successors and dispiriting of the Mughal armed force were additionally the explanations behind the decline. Ousted from his ancestral domains in Central Asia, Babur turned to India to satisfy his ambitions. It was established through military conquest. Decline of Mughal empire began with death of Aurangzeb in 1707. The Decline of the Mughal Empire was serious by the end of the eighteenth century. Zahiruddin Babur found the Mughal Empire in 1526 AD. Aurangzeb’s religious conventionality and his arrangement towards the Hindu rulers genuinely harmed the soundness of the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire owes its decline and ultimate downfall to a combination of factors; firstly Aurangzeb’s religious policy is regarded as a cause for the decline of the Mughal Empire as it led to disunity among the INDIAN people. What eventually pushed it into decline was the ambition of the British.England Had been the first country to experience the Industrial Revolution. The decline of Mughals can be attributed to several causes and reasons that are noted below- Downfall and Decline of the Mughal Empire 1. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/summary/Decline-of-the-Mughal-Dynasty. These debates arise mainly due to two reasons- differing opinions and the vantage point which a historian uses (eg peasants, jagirdars, zamindars, etc.). At the same time there was a steady decay in the quality of Mughal government. These debates arise mainly due to two reasons- differing opinions and the vantage point which a historian uses (eg peasants, jagirdars, zamindars, etc. Mughal Empire was an example of a military state. A rapid decline of the Mughal Empire began with Aurangzeb’s death. By 1719, when. The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur (reigned 1526–1530), a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (the founder of the Timurid Empire) on his father's side, and from Genghis Khan on his mother's side. Even more disturbing was the fact that the assertion of independence had spread to other parts of the empire. The practice of farming the land revenue to the highest bidder after the death of Aurangzeb increased peasant discontentment. Mughal Empire was a despotic state; the participation of common masses in decision making was absent. The Mughal Empire of India was no exception. The suspicious nature of Aurangzeb which did not permit either any of his sons or nobles to become capable; his religious bigotry which lost him the loyalty of the majority of his subjects and resulted in the revolts of the Jats, the Satnamis and the Sikhs; the Rajput policy which resulted in fighting against the states of Mewar and Marwar; and, his Decc… Of course the decline cannot be related to just one cause. Causes for the Decline of Mughal Empire. The empire was also met with financial troubles. At its height the Mughal Empire encompassed most of Afghanistan and the Indian subcontinent. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after hi… Its solidness was basically established on the arrangement of apathy with the religious convictions and traditions of the general population, encouraging of amicable relations amongst Hindus and Muslims. Though Mughal Empire reached pinnacles of heights with its glorious phase in India but it also disintegrated within 50 years after reaching its highest peak. However, since it was a very successful Empire, it still took 150 more years for its definite end. Decline of the Mughal Empire INTRODUCTION The collapse of Mughal Empire has remained a widely debated issue amongst the historians. ). The condition of the peasant had also gradually worsened. Limitation of the character of the Mughal polity contributed significantly to the disintegration of the Mughal Empire. Decline And Fall Of The Mughal Empire, 1751-1862 Sir William Hunter wrote in 1893 that the British "won India, not from the Mughals, but from the Hindus. The rising power of the Marathas was temporarily checked by their defeat at the hands of Ahmad Shah Abdali in the third battle of Panipat in 1761. Had lost support from almost all. Reason of Mughal Dynasty Decline After Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the empire fell into decline. The successors were weak and incompetent. Aurangzeb was partially responsible for the downfall of the Mughal Empire. Bengal, Hyderabad, Carnatic region, Marathas, Mysore etc. It expands to its full glory under Akbar in the second half of the 16 th Century. This video is very important for UPSC IAS Subscribe https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkdalI1xfL5lDZQ_VWZkJbw The next cause of the decline and eventual fall of the Mughal empire was the degeneration of the nobility. There were many causes for the downfall of this great dynasty. Another reason was unworthy and incompetent successors of … The Mughal Empire might have continued to exist for a long time if its administration and armed power had not broken down. Aurangzeb’s death in 1706 set off the rapid decline of the Mughal Empire. The rising power of the Marathas was temporarily checked by their defeat at the hands of Ahmad Shah Abdali in the third battle of Panipat in 1761. THE DECLINE OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE: Edited by Meena Bhargava; Oxford University Press, YMCA Library Building, 1, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi …

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